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How to add control voltage to a circuit?
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rogerlatur



Joined: Dec 22, 2012
Posts: 118
Location: france

PostPosted: Sun Jul 21, 2013 2:18 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

What I do not understand is that there is no voltage anymore*** at point 2 (and at point 1, let's say if a seq runs, I have logically a fluctuating voltage). I do not understand how CV is possible if, at the input of the opAmp, no voltage is present.
And when I measure current at 2, it is not even changing.
This is why I was wondering what kind of signal is then outputed by the res, and what kind of signal is then measurable at 2.

***Rectification:
I did new measurement to try to understand and with my DMM I get some mV at 2, so the voltage is not inexisting (very confusing if this was at zero !). I thought the voltage would then be re-amplified via opAmp, but it looks like the opAmp just works fine with voltages in mV scale.
I am going to re-read with more concentration the opAmp wiki pages.

It is also obvious that I do not know how to measure current (I measured it like I did with voltages but not in series: really stupid !). The only thing I did right was to connect the DMM cables from volt/ohm to ampere connection !). It is the kind of detail which is very important !
I found now pages on the web explaining how to measure current, so I will do new measurements.

"Reading current is one of the trickiest and most insightful readings in our world of embedded electronics. It’s tricky because you have to measure current in series. Where voltage is measure by poking at VCC and GND (in parallel), to measure current you have to physically interrupt the flow of current and put the meter in line".

Wanting to add CV to anything and not knowing these basics makes people loose their time with my doubts, issues and so on. I apologize !
On the other hand I do learn very much here.
I hope though it will help other beginners.
My advice: first start with the basics !
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rogerlatur



Joined: Dec 22, 2012
Posts: 118
Location: france

PostPosted: Sun Jul 21, 2013 7:55 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

The fuse was dead for current measurement on my DMM.
Now I can measure current too.

"Remember: When you’re done using the meter, always return the meter to read voltage (return the probes to the voltage port, set the meter to read the DC voltage range if necessary). It’s common to grab a meter and begin to quickly measure the voltage between two pins. If you have left your meter in ‘current’ mode, you won’t see the voltage on the display. Instead you’ll see ‘0.000’ indicating that there is no current between VCC and GND. Within that split second you will have connected VCC to GND through your meter and the 200mA fuse will blow = not good. So before you put the meter down for the night, remember to leave your meter in a friendly state.

Measuring current can be tricky the first couple of times. Don’t worry if you blow the fuse - we’ve done it dozens of times! "
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rogerlatur



Joined: Dec 22, 2012
Posts: 118
Location: france

PostPosted: Sun Jul 21, 2013 8:09 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I checked the opAmp at wiki but I will need to read again (and again), plus I found quite similar circuits than the one I found in a book on the web as there are quite basics.
My goal being to understand what exactly happens and what current does / what voltage does in the circuit.

http://www.falstad.com/circuit/e-vco.html

And here too, under "Control of frequency in VCOs":
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator
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gdavis



Joined: Feb 27, 2013
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PostPosted: Sun Jul 21, 2013 11:12 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

It's not easy to learn, the "pros" spend years in school to learn this stuff, and it does take a lot of re-reading. Starting with basics definitely helps, you might want to read up on RLC (resistance, inductance and capacitance).

Voltage, current and resistance are related by a very simple equation: V=IR. You can arrange this equation to calculate any one of these if you know the other two, i.e. if you know voltage and resistance you can calculate current: I=V/R.

This gives you a method of indirectly measuring current since direct measurement can be tricky. Just measure the voltage drop across the resistor (put each of the probes on each end of the resistor) and divide that reading by the resistor value and you get the current going through that resistor.

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rogerlatur



Joined: Dec 22, 2012
Posts: 118
Location: france

PostPosted: Mon Jul 22, 2013 8:39 am    Post subject:   Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Thank you gdavis !!!
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fantozzi



Joined: Jan 15, 2012
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PostPosted: Wed Feb 05, 2014 2:38 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

A little bit late but,

rogerlatur wrote:
What I do not understand is that there is no voltage anymore***


the reason is the "virtual ground" on the negative input of OPAMP's
if a current flow into this input, the OPAMP try to send the same amount of current, but negative, back to the input, to keep the sum of all currents on this point at 0,00mA

The picture that u posted is from a german book that gives u a very good intoduction into OPAMP's
--> http://www.amazon.de/Elektronik-nicht-schwer-Experimente-Operationsverst%C3%A4rkern/dp/3928051601

for me it was the best Beginner Book that i read during the years, i had to read it 3 times Smile then i started to understand

cheers
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isak



Joined: Dec 13, 2009
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PostPosted: Fri Feb 05, 2016 11:48 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I know it's an old post but I have Q please.
If I'm using an LDR and a led to control the resistance of the LDR, if I connect the led to say...LFO, the led will light only at the (+) part, when the lfo will go below zero to the (-) part the led will not light on.
How can I avoid this, how can the led light all the way?
I assume the H11F1 works the same? Meaning at (-)V the led will not light on?

Cheers,
Isak.

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AlanP



Joined: Mar 11, 2014
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PostPosted: Sat Feb 06, 2016 12:37 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

If the sweep goes from +5V to -5V and the past-zero part is not registering, then the obvious answer is to shift and off-set it Smile move it from +5 -5V through to 10V 0V.
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isak



Joined: Dec 13, 2009
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PostPosted: Sat Feb 06, 2016 1:06 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

thank you for your answer AlanP.

Quote:
move it from +5 -5V through to 10V 0V
.
how do i do that?

cheers,
Isak.

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gabbagabi



Joined: Nov 29, 2008
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PostPosted: Sat Feb 06, 2016 4:53 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Hello,

you migth have to add a so called offset.

OR if you have space, add a second LED in parallel which you connect the reverse way like your first one.


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isak



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PostPosted: Sat Feb 06, 2016 5:47 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

thank you very much!
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gabbagabi



Joined: Nov 29, 2008
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PostPosted: Sun Feb 07, 2016 1:48 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

You're welcome, its a pleasure,

It's just a thought,
but I would imagine that under a certain Voltage (and above a certain voltage) no change takes place on the LDR.
For this reason, I would add two pots.
The first to set the amplitude of the LFO (As an example reduce to 8V peak to peak at the output).
the second potentiometer to vary the offset voltage (in this example, 6V at the output ) so that the output voltage not drops below a certain value.

cheers
gabbagabi


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isak



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PostPosted: Wed Feb 10, 2016 6:46 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

ok, i'll test it and post here Smile

thanks again!

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wackelpeter



Joined: May 05, 2013
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PostPosted: Wed Feb 10, 2016 8:32 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Or another way is to build the CGS Voltage Processor...

So you have a mixer for CV or Audio and can manually Offset them or with another Offset CV...

Having 2 or 3 of them in the System can't hurt... Very Happy

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isak



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PostPosted: Thu Feb 11, 2016 10:33 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Hi wackelpeter.

This is great idea, thank you Smile

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