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 Forum index » DIY Hardware and Software » Video synthesis and manipulation
Using the MC1377 to generate video
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creatorlars



Joined: Nov 26, 2007
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PostPosted: Wed Sep 03, 2008 10:10 am    Post subject: Using the MC1377 to generate video Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I've been researching the Sandin IP Video Synthesizer's schematics for several months now -- mainly trying to find more modern work-arounds for the obsolete ICs used, in an effort to at some point build some video input/output/manipulation modules that will fit right in with the rest of my synth. (Using LFOs to modulate video parameters as well as audio, for example.)

I've recently stumbled upon a local supplier of the MC1377 RGB-to-NTSC Encoder Chip, which I believe could be the answer to easily solving the biggest challenges in dealing with analog video signals, which are all the timing/sync/burst pulse mess. I don't even pretend to understand all of that. It seems like I could use this chip along with some circuitry to buffer and scale the R, G, and B inputs, to create a kind of video output module with signal inputs for these three colors.

I've attached the datasheet. If those of you with more knowledge than I could take a look at the example applications and offer any feedback as to the feasibility of the idea, I would appreciate it! Also, I'd like to prototype the example circuit (minus the audio modulation portion), but can't seem to identify a couple of the components, such as the color bandpass transformer, 3.58Mhz crystal (i think?) or the items uncommon to synth circuits (which are what I'm familiar with.)

Thanks for any advice or discussion,
Lars


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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 8:15 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

No ideas? No interest? Smile In another topic, is anyone interested in some video-related Synth DIY PCBs/projects? I'd really like to see a set of modules that can get a video signal in and out of a standard modular synth easily, with an emphasis on integration with existing CV generating modules.
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urbanscallywag



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 8:46 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I don't know much about video synths but I have suggested using RGB in the past for the exact reason you mention, the sync signals are separate from the video signals. There is the downside that you won't be able to affect all 3 channels at once (I really have no idea what's possible with analog video synthesizing/processing anyhow) but I still think its worth looking into.

If you have an old CRT around it might be worth using RGB straight into the monitor (with appropriate sync signal generation).
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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 9:04 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I'm not really sure what all the possibilities are, either... Smile

But it seems like the R, G, and B input pins on the MC1377 are each expecting an un-sync'ed 1.0Vpp signal. What I'm hoping is that VCO's could potentially be connected to these inputs via attenuators (with an overall scaling of a synth-level signal down to 1.0Vpp) to generate moving colors at the output. CV over R, G & B gain is then easily realized with an offset control + VC resistor summed with the inputs. Besides R, G & B you can probably have voltage control/offset over Luma too, as well as separate outputs for Composite NTSC, Luma (aka Monochrome/B&W), etc. All of this would be an output module, generating all the sync signals necessary for a composite output. The Sandin was similarly designed, except it used an encoder board from a color video camera which is no longer available (and very expensive at the time!) I think the MC1377 can do the same thing as all of the Sandin's sync generation/encoding related circuitry.

With that working, the second step would be to build a monochrome video "input" module, which would take a video input signal and strip it of a sync signal, and buffer it for processing. Naturally this strips away color information, but we could add a standard RGB/VGA input and eventually some type of Composite-->RGB converter in the input too.

The idea, I guess in the Sandin context, was you could buffer a video input (or multiple ones), send them thru various comparators and multipliers with VC parameters controlled by standard oscillator circuits, and then patch into the RGB output, basically using the system as a type of VC analogue colorizer/FX unit.

In the effort of more "video synthesis" type stuff, maybe a microprocessor-based VC digital pattern generator could be implemented, or oscilloscope-based visual generators.
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bugbrand



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 1:43 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I'll put my hand up and say I'm interested!

I have had a look through the sandin docs a couple of times and would *love* to try things out - but, who knows when/if I'll find the time!

I'll do my best to have a check of the datasheet you've posted..
I know very little about video electronics
(I've got a VideoElectronics book on order from Futurlec - but its already taken a while and they still ain't got in in stock, so....)

Edit -- oh darn it -- I just saw that Futurlec carry the MC1377 having just put in an order with them 5 minutes ago! Bahhhhh.

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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 1:49 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Wow, I didn't know they had it either... Smile Mouser sells an NTE replacement as well. I have a couple of those as well as a couple I bought from the local shop (Tanner's.) I also have a selection of video/wideband op-amps and OTAs to play with.

I'm thinking the whole endeavor as far as cloning or reinventing Sandin modules goes will be very easy once we find a way to do the basic input and output modules. It's generating the sync and creating a final signal that can be displayed properly that is the challenge, I think.

Let me know if you have any thoughts on the datasheet... we'll keep the discussion going as I try to breadboard some stuff over the next few weeks.
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urbanscallywag



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 7:04 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Generating sync could be done for ~$2 with a CPLD.
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factus10



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 7:23 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

You might want to look into the LM1882 sync generator. You'll need to program a few registers in it to set up the parameters but it does generate hsync and vsync.
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urbanscallywag



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 8:01 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

The LM1882 looks way more painful (and less available) than a oscillator + CPLD. I could do the design if people got interested in this project. Cool
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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 8:03 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

What's a CPLD? Smile

I've got a couple 1882's as well I believe. I'll make sure to check out those datasheets to. I'm not exactly sure if the MC1377 generates sync by itself or not.
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urbanscallywag



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 8:17 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Sorry about that! A CPLD is a programmable digital logic chip, kind of like a whole mess of CMOS chips in a single chip. You can design circuits for them graphically using schematics or hardware description languages like VHDL or Verilog. CPLDs are kind of like small FPGAs if you've heard that term (Altera and Xilinx are the big names in this industry).

Anyhow the CPLD would basically be a fancy clock divider to derive the H and V sync signals. I already have code around to do this, but its fairly simple if you know what you're doing.
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urbanscallywag



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PostPosted: Thu Sep 04, 2008 8:20 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

A simple solution might be a sync separator chip available from Intersil (~$3 at Digikey). Run a video signal into it, and run the sync lines straight into your RGB->composite chip!
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bugbrand



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 12:39 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

urbanscallywag wrote:
A simple solution might be a sync separator chip available from Intersil (~$3 at Digikey). Run a video signal into it, and run the sync lines straight into your RGB->composite chip!


There's the LM1881 Sync Separator chip - available from F'lec for $2.65 (or $1.6 in smd)
Here


On another area - I wonder if this NE592 Differential Video Amp may be useful in a Sandin-style system - the MC1445 is one of the trickies to locate and, while this ain't the same, it does look to be kind-of in a similar ball-park...

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dar303



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 2:11 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I'm in for V-synth modules!
I know a couple of guys who has researched a bit into this already, I'll check with them.

I need PAL though, i'm in Europe and NTSC (Never Twice the Same Color) isn't that popular here! Smile
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Photon



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 6:26 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I'm very interested, but I don't see having too much time to explore in this lifetime Sad

In the meantime, I'll just watch this another 30 times...

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Rotwang



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 6:44 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Yay!

dar303 wrote:
I'm in for V-synth modules!
I know a couple of guys who has researched a bit into this already, I'll check with them.

I need PAL though, i'm in Europe and NTSC (Never Twice the Same Color) isn't that popular here! Smile


Howdy!
I suppose I am one of those guys you refer to... Smile

I started digging in the concept of video-synths a few years back when I worked at Swedish National Television, SVT. As we were going digital I salvaged quite a lot of old analog video-gear from the dumpster, but most of it is gone now. I gave a few distribution amps and a serious syncpulse generator to the other guy you probably are talking about...

My first idea was to make a PAL vide encoder/decoder to fit into my modular synthesiser project. I decided to hack a video processor kit from Velleman to make things easier. The Velleman processor is made up of a decoding part (CVBS/S-video -> RGB + Sync) and an encoding part (RGB + sync -> CVBS/S-video) and some extra cirquitry to tweak RGB levels, hue, saturation etc. By making the connection between decoder and encoder parts availabla on a patch panel this would be a nice video interface. My idea was to use that sync generator that I gave away to drive the encoder and sync oscillators. But you could as well take any stable video signal into the decoder and have sync.
I started building the kit and put it into a modular panel with a bunch of BNC connectors, but then my life took another turn, I moved several times, changed job etc so the project stalled. The half-built video module is still in its rack cage just above my desk and making faces at me... Rolling Eyes

Here is a description of the processor:
http://www.acc.umu.se/~polarn-p/sas/Video/videoprocessor/

Back then I used to go swimming several days in a week, and used to come up with all sorts of bizarre inventions because my brain wanted something to do while my body was swimming a couple of km:s.
One of these ideas was an x/y-to-raster-converter with voltage control over x, y, hue, saturation and luminance.

http://www.acc.umu.se/~polarn-p/sas/Video/x-y_scanner.pdf

http://www.acc.umu.se/~polarn-p/sas/Video/huecontroller.gif

The rest of my ideas about analog video synthesis are here:

http://www.acc.umu.se/~polarn-p/sas/Video/


When I did my mandatory military service I worked as a technician at the air photo surveillance. In our mobile photo- and analysis labs we had an analog image processing device connected to a hi-res video camera mounted above a light table. With this we could zoom in onto the photographic film and manipulate levels, invert, change gamma curves, thresholds etc to bring out details from the film. This was at the end of the cold war, when we had fighters and reconnaisance planes on alert 24/7, so I have seen some interesting soviet stuff on that monitor... Smile Anyway, it's a pity I din't make copies of the schematics and service documents of the machine. (Nothing classified anyway...)

As always when I post something, it tend to be loooooong.
But to make a long story short; Analog video is equally cool to analog sound synthesisers, and i should REALLY do something about that video module in the rack.

I have the Sandin IP plans at my bedside table and look into them now and then...

/Rotwang the Mad Inventor
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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 7:54 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Wow. I knew you guys were out there. Smile

Thanks so much for sharing that. Rotwang -- your work is truly inspiring... it very much sounds like we are on the same page. I was not aware of the Velleman 4600. This sounds like a PERFECT place to start. This appears to use the MC1377 as well, and this with separate ins/outs and voltage control over the R, G, B, contrast, etc. parameters is exactly what I was envisioning for an "input/output" module. I only wish there were full schematics available for the K4600. Is anyone aware of similar device schematics? I'm going to research the other ICs it uses as well... as well as track down one of those kits for myself.

I have a handful of 1881s and 1889s as well as some 592s and a handful of other video chips. I am cleaning out my bins right now and should be able to provide a full list.

I was in a similar position with you recently as far as old analogue video gear goes. A local university had a film department in the late 70's that closed down in the 80's. I acquired several pieces of analogue video gear, including an ENORMOUS rack-mounted NTSC sync generator. I haven't had a chance to open it up yet, but I imagine it will become incredibly useful. I also have an ancient video FX/mixer unit and a Paltex Editor. The FX unit doesn't have any ICs inside and looks very old.

Also have an Ikegami tube-based camera that receives R, G & B from separate tubes and includes an RGB encoder board. I had an idea to modify this camera heavily and use it for some film projects in which analogue modules and sequencers were used to manipulate the camera feed live during a shoot, before capturing on tape (I have a BA in film but haven't really done much with it yet.) There are all sorts of R, G, B adjustment trimmers inside that It would be fun to voltage control.

The good thing about using the MC1377 is that it goes from NTSC to PAL with the flip of a switch. If we get a design together I'm more than happy to go buy a huge lot of MC1377 at the local supplier and distribute them, perhaps with a PCB.

Yes, the Sandin used two ICs (the 1445 and something else...) and I can't seem to find ANYTHING that resembles a drop-in equivalent (of course I also don't know what I'm doing.) Someone smarter than me could probably explain how to make the NE592 do what the 1445 does. I think the two ICs are used for pretty much the same purposes throughout the Sandin, so that's what makes me think that once some substitutes are found, and the I/O problem is efficiently solved, making very accurate clones of the various Sandin processing modules should be extremely easy. No need to clone the Sandin's Oscillator... just scale everything to work on the same CV range as any synth module.

Sorry for the ramble, just a lot to discuss. Smile Keep it coming. Gonna go googling for that 4600 kit now...
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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 8:32 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Some more notes & datasheets here...

http://www.audiovisualizers.com/madlab/vsyn_scans/vsyn_scans.htm
http://www.audiovisualizers.com/madlab/pdfschem.html
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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 8:33 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

From the above page, a "Video Mixer IC" such as this may be the closest thing to the MC1445...
http://www.audiovisualizers.com/madlab/pdfschem/easyvmix.pdf
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bugbrand



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 8:50 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Strange thing with the 1445 - I just looked at the datasheet and it doesn't seem to look good for hi-freqs really (?!). The graphs seem to tail off way before 1MHz..

I'm just off for a weekend away in the countryside and it looks like its going to rain rain rain... so I may take some geek-reading to do!

PS -- if anyone has the velleman kit details - are there schems? may be good for some ideas?

PPS -- I really shouldn't be getting it to this stuff!! I've got so much on hahaha

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creatorlars



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PostPosted: Fri Sep 05, 2008 10:13 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I wonder if the 1495 multiplier would work as a replacement? It seems like they are both 4-quadrant multipliers. Futurlec has those.
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Retroperra



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PostPosted: Sun Sep 07, 2008 3:06 am    Post subject: Re: Using the MC1377 to generate video Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

Hi!


creatorlars wrote:
I've recently stumbled upon a local supplier of the MC1377 RGB-to-NTSC Encoder Chip, which I believe could be the answer to easily solving the biggest challenges in dealing with analog video signals, which are all the timing/sync/burst pulse mess.


You also will need a LM1882 sync generator:
http://www.fairchildsemi.com/pf/74/74ACT715.html

It's modern name is 74ACT715 but it's more or less the same as a LM1882.
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Retroperra



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PostPosted: Sun Sep 07, 2008 3:40 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

(Warning - long post)

Hi!

I'm probably that "other guy" Rotwang and dar303 mentioned. There are how ever other names that knows alot more about this. Dan Slater is one, Grant Richter, of course we have the old guys Bill Etra, Dave Jones and Steve Rutt.
Apart from the heritage from Rotwang (tack igen!) among the funnier stuff I still have are a Fairlight CVI, a Atari Video Music and a unbranded brittish colour corrector/synthesizer. I also have a small Grass Valley video mixer.

It was a few years since the talk on videosynths where up last time so I'll try refresh myself with the ideas that were up then. I've also made a link collection here: http://mkv.itm.miun.se/personal/per/videosynth/index-eng.php


A videosynthesizer could be several things. One is basic generation of shapes and colours. Another is colour and light processing of input video signal. Yet another could be a video feedback system using a monitor and a camera.

I believe that analogue videosynthesis is easiest built using similar modules as musical modular synthesizers. There a few modules that has little or no use in audio that we need while generating a video signal. But other than that most modules are already available.

Below are a few toughts on an idea on a system of video voices. It's several ideas combined so I hope it makes sense.


LIGHTS ON
One idea to generate video is to set up a video voice used as a shape generator. A video voice could basically be thought of as a moveable dot, just like a dot on a oscilloscope. This dot can change shape to a line or some other shape.

The video voice would accept three inputs; X, Y for position and L for brightness or gain. Preferably those would be generated from a DC signal say 0-10V. I'll talk about an idea HOW to do all this a bit later.

BASIC POSITION
So, we have a dot that we can place on the screen using ordinary XY. What if we want a different coordinate system? What if I want polar coordinates where the positioning is done using angle and distance from center? Easy, or at least not at all impossible. We put a little module that uses phaselocked oscillators to translate θ = angle and r = distance from center into X and Y and feed those into our video voice.

By controlling position thru the polar>cartesian module we can use the same video voice used earlier but makeing it do completely new patterns: circles, flowers, spirals etc.

Ideas:
-Set a synced LFO to the r and another one to θ and you have your polar shape generator.
-Add a DC-bias to X and Y using a simple mixer and you can move that flower on the screen.
-Add a DC-bias to the signal that is fed into r in that polar>cartesian module and you have a control over size of the flower.
-Trim the θ to for instance 2V = 2pi and you would be able to spin the flower using a ramp oscillator.

We could probably make a usable 3D position translation module that takes X Y and Z as in depth and translate those into 2D X and Y. Based on a patch on the Nord Modular list many years back I did this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlZH1p0EUBs

It is "balls" that are moved around in six positions in a 3D world. It's all done using virtual modules in a Nord Modular synth so it it's definitely possible to do with a analogue modular musical synth.

I also have a Pong game on video using the same modules.

A analogue computer would very handy for computation on positioning ...

COLOUR
So we can do alot with positioning a white dot. How about adding colours?

Our voice only has brightness so to make it more fun we can split the L into R G and B. Rotwang has the correct numbers on the amount to be feed into each basic colour.

However RGB is what the monitors expect and that's what we feed into a RGB>PAL or RGB>NTSC circuit but that's not how we percieve colour.

For humans colours are best thought of Hue, Saturation and Brightness. But to be able to use HSB with video equipment we must translate these into RGB using something like the schematics Rotwang described. I had some circuit idea now lost on another computer but I remember that I made it kind-of work on the nord modular so I'll try to dig that up.

THE VOICE
For the positioning to work it needs a reference coordinate system, it needs video H and V sync. The X and Y position of the dot is actually a delay measured from the top left position on the screen.

So to show a dot at position X and Y we turn the L (brightness) on at time X1 and time Y1 and then off time X2 (our desired dot size later) and time Y2 (at least one line higher). We have to deal with interlaced lines using PAL but I'm too lazy to think about that now Wink

We could achieve the delay above of the X and Y using a real delay synced with the video sync which would be expensive or we could use a comparator on a ramp signals which is cheaper and makes DC control much easier.

One common way to deal with positioning based on a sync signal is to setup two ramps:
V; a ramp falling from top to bottom, sync it to each frame
H; a ramp falling from left to right, sync it to each line

All video mixer I've seen schematics on uses comparators for positioning of say a wipe or a border.

I have not given this time enough but it should be fairly straightforward to setup two comparators each for H and V so that we turn the L on at level X1 and off at level X2 and the same for Y1 and Y2, see simple ASCIIgram.
Code:
+___________________
|
|          Y1 
|        X1*X2     
|          Y2
|

We need both X and Y active to turn the L on otherwise we would have vertical a line on the screen.

Each voice would need "house sync" H and V then the ramps are probably best generated for each voice module. So the inputs of a voice would not only be X and Y but actually X1 and X2, Y1 and Y2.
X2 would be X1 + an offset where that offset sets the X size. The same goes for Y. Some thinking and experimentation needs to go into this.
Maybe some one has an all analogue video mixer schematic that we could be inspired by. My GVG mixer has analogue control but digital generation of patterns and shapes.

POSITION AND COLOUR
How do we combine a positioned dot with a colour generator?
If we can generate L at a certain time as a function of X1X2 and Y1Y2 we can of course generate the three channels R G and B at the same time.

Probabaly it would be easiet to input L from a voice as a controller of the primary colours RGB. Those should then be the input to a composite video encoder. RGB values could be modulated by a HSB>RGB module to get proper colour control.

MULTIPLE VOICES
What if you want five voices in one video synth? I'm not shure how to best mix several shapes but there are atleast two options.
Either we mix the RGB signals from each voice before they enter the composite encoder or we have a composite encoder for each voice and then mix the composited signal.
The first one allows for easier control of sync. So that is probably the best way to do it.

/Per
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dar303



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PostPosted: Sun Sep 07, 2008 11:13 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

I knew you and Rotwang would bite on this!
This is a lot of information, this is starting to become the one-stop, updated internet videosynth resource! Smile

Hope this thread can lure Grant over here...
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Retroperra



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PostPosted: Tue Sep 09, 2008 6:28 am    Post subject: Reply with quote  Mark this post and the followings unread

These guys has very interesting "stroke to video" converters
http://www.delta-info.com/DDV/scan_conv.htm

I strikes me (haha) that there should be similiar solutions, possibly available scrapped, at radar towers.
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